Flight Capacity of the Walnut Twig Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on a Laboratory Flight Mill.
نویسندگان
چکیده
The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, and associated fungus Geosmithia morbida Kolařík, Freeland, Utley, & Tisserat constitute the insect-fungal complex that causes thousand cankers disease in walnut, Juglans spp., and wingnut, Pterocarya spp. Thousand cankers disease is responsible for the decline of Juglans species throughout the western United States and more recently, the eastern United States and northern Italy. We examined the flight capacity of P. juglandis over 24-h trials on a flight mill in the laboratory. The maximum total flight distance observed was ∼3.6 km in 24 h; however, the mean and median distances flown by beetles that initiated flight were ∼372 m and ∼158 m, respectively. Beetles flew for 34 min on average within a 24-h flight trial. Male and female flight capacities were similar, even though males were larger than females (0.64 vs. 0.57 mm pronotal width). Age postemergence had no effect on flight distance, flight time, or mean flight velocity. The propensity to fly, however, decreased with age. We integrated results of flight distance with propensity to fly as beetles aged in a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the maximum dispersal capacity over 5 d, assuming no mortality. Only 1% of the insects would be expected to fly >2 km, whereas one-third of the insects were estimated to fly <100 m. These results suggest that nascent establishments remain relatively localized without anthropogenic transport or wind-aided dispersal, which has implications for management and sampling of this hardwood pest.
منابع مشابه
Flight Capacity and Dispersal of Walnut Husk Flies in Laboratory and Field Studies
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متن کاملStudies on the Walnut Twig Beetle (wtb), Pityophthorus Juglandis, in Relation to Its Association with Geosmithia Morbida, Its Survival in Felled Logs, and Its Sensitivity to Temperature Extremes
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Pest Alert
For at least the past decade, an unusual decline of black walnut (Juglans nigra) has been observed in several western states. Initial symptoms involve a yellowing and thinning of the upper crown, which progresses to include death of progressively larger branches (Figure 1). During the final stages large areas of foliage may rapidly wilt. Trees often are killed within three years after initial s...
متن کاملQuestions and Answers about Thousand Cankers Disease of Walnut
What is thousand cankers disease of walnut? Thousand caners disease (TCD) is a newly recognized disease (2008) of certain walnut species (Juglans) caused by a fungus (Geosmithia morbida) that is vectored by a bark beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis, the “walnut twig beetle”). Thousand cankers disease has produced widespread death of walnuts in many western states during the past decade. In recent ...
متن کاملPest Alert
Within the past decade an unusual decline of black walnut (Juglans nigra) has been observed in several western states. Initial symptoms involve a yellowing and thinning of the upper crown, which progresses to include death of progressively larger branches (Figure 1). During the final stages large areas of foliage may rapidly wilt. Trees often are killed within three years after initial symptoms...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Environmental entomology
دوره 46 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2017